What Is The Function Of The I/O Interface?

The function of the IO interface is to connect various types of peripherals with the industrial computer CPU through the IO interface to form a complete microcomputer hardware system, for data exchange information, processing and storage.

What are the main types of information of industrial computer CPU and peripheral exchange (I/O)?

The information exchanged between the host and the IO device can be divided into three categories: data information, status information, and control information.

1. Data information

Data information is further divided into three forms: digital quantity, analog quantity, and switch quantity.

1) Digital

Digital quantities are data that can be directly sent, received, and processed by industrial PCs. For example, the information is exchanged with the CPU by I/O peripherals such as keyboards, monitors, printers, and disks, which are numbers represented in binary form or numbers represented in ASCII code.

2) Analog

When the industrial computer is used in the control system, the input information is generally the continuously changing physical quantities from the field, such as temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, humidity, etc. These physical quantities are obtained through the sensor and amplified to obtain the analog voltage or current, which must be converted from analog to digital (A/D conversion) before they can be input into the industrial computer. Conversely, the control signals output are all digital quantities, and they must first be converted from digital quantities to analog quantities (D/A conversion), then can be converted into analog quantities to control the scene.

3) Switch

The switch quantity can represent two states, such as the opening and closing of the switch, the operation and stop of the machine, the opening and closing of the valve, etc. These switches usually have to undergo corresponding level conversion before they can be connected to industrial computers. The switching value can be represented only by a binary number.

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2. Status information

Status information, as the contact information, when exchanging data between the industrial tablet computer CPU and peripherals, reflects the current working state of the peripherals, and is sent to the CPU by the peripherals through the interface. By reading the peripheral status signal, the CPU can know whether the data of the input device is ready, whether the output device is idle, and so on. For input devices, the level of the ready (READY) signal is generally used to indicate whether the data to be input is ready; for output devices, the level of the busy (BUSY) signal is used to indicate whether the output device is in an idle state. The information output by the CPU can be received, otherwise, the CPU will suspend the sending of the data. Therefore, the status information can ensure the correct data exchange between the CPU and the peripherals.

3. Control information

The control information is transmitted by the CPU to the peripherals through the interface, and the CPU sets the working mode of the peripherals (including the interface) and controls the work of the peripherals by sending the control information. For example, the start signal and stop signal of peripherals are common control information. In fact, control information often has different meanings depending on the specific working principle of the peripheral.

Although the meanings of data information, status information and control information are different, in a microcomputer system when the CPU exchanges information with peripherals through the interface, it can only use the input command (IN) and output command (OUT) to transmit data, so the state Information and control information are also transmitted as data information, that is, the status information is regarded as a kind of input data, and the control information is regarded as a kind of output data. In this way, the status information and control information are also transmitted through the data bus. But in the interface, these three kinds of information are stored separately in different registers.

The role of the IO interface of the industrial panel computer is related to the operation and exchange of the entire machine information. Generally speaking, the IO interface of industrial computer can be customized and developed according to the needs of customers to meet different customer application machines and application scenarios.

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